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International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM)
in Sèvres, France.
Oversees global time standards, including Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC), and maintains the International System of Units (SI).
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National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
in Gaithersburg, USA.
Contributes to maintaining and disseminating UTC in the United States
and conducts research on atomic clocks and timekeeping.
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Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in
Braunschweig, Germany.
Maintains Germany’s time standards and contributes to global
timekeeping, including UTC.
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National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in Teddington,
UK.
Provides the UK’s time standards and contributes to international
timekeeping efforts, including the definition of UTC.
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National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) in
Tsukuba, Japan.
Maintains Japan’s time standards and contributes to the international
timekeeping system, including UTC.
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International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
in Geneva, Switzerland.
Publishes standards that include time-related specifications for
various industries, ensuring consistency in global time formats.
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International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in
Geneva, Switzerland.
Defines the structure of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and manages
time signals broadcasted globally.
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International Maritime Organization (IMO) in
London, UK.
Sets regulations that include time-keeping standards for maritime
navigation and safety.
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in
Geneva, Switzerland.
Develops standards for time-related technologies in electrical and
electronic devices.
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International Astronomical Union (IAU) in Paris,
France.
Responsible for defining time scales related to astronomical phenomena
and for standardizing celestial time references.
